Clonidine is an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist approved for ADHD treatment in children and adolescents, primarily through its extended-release formulation. It works by stimulating alpha-2 receptors in the brain's prefrontal cortex, inhibiting norepinephrine release, which reduces hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. This inhibitory action helps improve focus and working memory by regulating subcortical activity. Clonidine is often used as a non-stimulant alternative or adjunct to stimulant medications, particularly for patients with severe symptoms or those who experience side effects from stimulants. It also has sedative properties and can be helpful in managing insomnia associated with ADHD treatment. However, clonidine carries a risk of hypotension and sedation, necessitating careful dose management. Compared to stimulant medications, clonidine is generally less effective as monotherapy but valuable in combination therapy or specific cases.